Space station

The history of American space flight indicates that a space station is the next logical step in the scientific pursuit of greater knowledge of the universe. The Space Station and its complement of space vehicles, developed by NASA, will add new dimensions to an already extensive space program in the United States. The Space Station offers extraordinary benefits for a comparatively modest investment (currently estimated at one-ninth the cost of the Apollo Program). The station will provide a permanent multipurpose facility in orbit necessary for the expansion of space science and technology. It will enable significant advancements in life sciences research, satellite communications, astronomy, and materials processing. Eventually, the station will function in support of the commercialization and industrialization of space. Also, as a prerequisite to manned interplanetary exploration, the long-duration space flights typical of Space Station missions will provide the essential life sciences research to allow progressively longer human staytime in space

Another look at the credit-output link

Credit ; Monetary policy

The History of Track and Field in South Dakota High Schools

Track and field meets have been held for high-school athletes in South Dakota since 1903, when Yankton College first sponsored a meet on May 8th at College Park in Yankton. The sport has grown steadily, and in 1955 the South Dakota High School Athletic Association sanctioned thirty-three conference meets, twenty independently sponsored meets, eight regional meets, three cross country meets, twelve dual-triangular-quad-rangular type meets, three junior-high meets, and one state meet. In addition to this, South Dakota high-school athletes participated in nine out-of-state meets. The author has been unable to find any extensively collected historical data or any assemblage of meet records anywhere in the state. Much of the interesting high-school track history may eventually be lost or forgotten entirely if some steps are taken to collect and record more carefully this information. It was to meet this need that this thesis was undertaken. This historical study is limited mainly to the high schools within the state of South Dakota and the meets which are held within its boundaries. Although certain of the track and field meets that are held in South Dakota have out-of-state participants, and although there is mention of certain out-of-state meets that South Dakota attend, this study in primarily about this state. There is no attempt to arrive at any conclusions. This thesis is merely a presentation of historical facts. Most of the evidence is from primary sources. Mr. R.N. Walseth, executive secretary for the South Dakota High School Athletic Association, made it possible for the author to examine all of the records and files of that organization. Mr. Will Robinson, curator of the state museum, allowed the author to examine all newspapers and records on file in the Pierre archives. The South Dakota State College microfilm library was used. Coaches and school administrators throughout the state were very co-operative in sending the author information on relays and conference historical data. The newspaper sport writers throughout the state made contributions. The information is separated into five divisions to gain more easily a perspective on what transpired. The divisions are closed related. The purpose of this study has been to gather into one place as much of the historical information on South Dakota track and field activities on the secondary school level as the author possibly obtain. Because of the need for this type of accumulated data, this study has aimed: 1. To trace the early track and field meets which had an influence on developing interest in the sport itself. 2. To provide a reference for present records in all meets that are operated under the sanction of the South Dakota High School Athletic Association within the state. 3. To trace the growth and development of the South Dakota State Meet which is the one track event in the state where all areas of the state are equally represented. 4. To present rulings of the South Dakota High School Athletic Association which have affected state track event

An Evaluation of an Experiment in Instruction in Junior High School Beginning Woodworking

The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness, based on fundamental woodworking knowledge gained, of a method of teaching junior high school woodworking through teacher-controlled projects

Study of orifice fabrication technologies for the liquid droplet radiator

Eleven orifice fabrication technologies potentially applicable for a liquid droplet radiator are discussed. The evaluation is focused on technologies capable of yielding 25-150 microns diameter orifices with trajectory accuracies below 5 milliradians, ultimately in arrays of up to 4000 orifices. An initial analytical screening considering factors such as trajectory accuracy, manufacturability, and hydrodynamics of orifice flow is presented. Based on this screening, four technologies were selected for experimental evaluation. A jet straightness system used to test 50-orifice arrays made by electro-discharge machining (EDM), Fotoceram, and mechanical drilling is discussed. Measurements on orifice diameter control and jet trajectory accuracy are presented and discussed. Trajectory standard deviations are in the 4.6-10.0 milliradian range. Electroforming and EDM appear to have the greatest potential for Liquid Droplet Radiator applications. The direction of a future development effort is discussed

Targeting protein–protein interactions within the cyclic AMP signaling system as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease

The cAMP signaling system can trigger precise physiological cellular responses that depend on the fidelity of many protein–protein interactions, which act to bring together signaling intermediates at defined locations within cells. In the heart, cAMP participates in the fine control of excitation–contraction coupling, hence, any disregulation of this signaling cascade can lead to cardiac disease. Due to the ubiquitous nature of the cAMP pathway, general inhibitors of cAMP signaling proteins such as PKA, EPAC and PDEs would act non-specifically and universally, increasing the likelihood of serious ‘off target’ effects. Recent advances in the discovery of peptides and small molecules that disrupt the protein–protein interactions that underpin cellular targeting of cAMP signaling proteins are described and discussed

Sticking to Syntax: The Reflection of Story Grammar in Children\u27s and Adult\u27s Recall of Radio and Television Shows

Two studies were conducted to determine how well story grammar predicted recall of televised stories. In Experiment 1, preschoolers viewed a non-narrated televised story from Sesame Street. In Experiment 2, preschoolers and adults were administered a narrative via television or radio. In both studies, subjects\u27 retention reflected recall of nodal information, regardless of medium of input

Predation rate by wolves on the Porcupine caribou herd

Large migratory catibou {Rangifer tarandus) herds in the Arctic tend to be cyclic, and population trends are mainly driven by changes in forage or weather events, not by predation. We estimated daily kill rate by wolves on adult caribou in winter, then constructed a time and space dependent model to estimate annual wolf (Canis lupus) predation rate (P annual) on adult Porcupine caribou. Our model adjusts predation seasonally depending on caribou distribution: Pannual = SIGMAdaily* W *Ap(2)*Dp. In our model we assumed that wolves killed adult caribou at a constant rate (Kdaily, 0.08 caribou wolf1 day1) based on our studies and elsewhere; that wolf density (W) doubled to 6 wolves 1000 km2-1 on all seasonal ranges; and that the average area occupied by the Porcupine caribou herd (PCH) in eight seasonal life cycle periods (Dp ) was two times gteater than the area described by the outer boundaries of telemetry data (Ap /1000 km2). Results from our model projected that wolves kill about 7600 adult caribou each year, regardless of herd size. The model estimated that wolves removed 5.8 to 7.4% of adult caribou as the herd declined in the 1990s. Our predation rate model supports the hypothesis of Bergerud that spacing away by caribou is an effective anti-predatory strategy that greatly reduces wolf predation on adult caribou in the spring and summer

Differential Stability of Reciprocal Friendships and Unilateral Relationships Among Preschool Children

It was expected that reciprocal relationships would be maintained more frequently across a six-month interval than would unilateral ones. Of secondary concern was the question of whether the dimensions children offered to justify their friendships would remain more stable for reciprocal than unilateral relationships

Drought Preparedness Planning: Building Institutional Capacity

Past attempts to manage drought and its impacts through a reactive, crisis management approach have been ineffective, poorly coordinated, and untimely, as illustrated by the hydro- illogical cycle in Figure 1. The crisis management approach has been followed in both developed and developing countries. Because of the ineffectiveness of this approach, greater interest has evolved in recent years in the adoption of a more proactive risk-based management approach in some countries (see Chapter 6). Other countries are striving to obtain a higher level of preparedness through development of national action programs that are part of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) or as part of separate national initiatives. In part, these actions directly result from the occurrence of recent severe drought episodes that have persisted for several consecutive years or frequent episodes that have occurred in succession with short respites for recovery between events. Global warming, with its threat of an increased frequency of drought events in the future, has also caused greater anxiety about the absence of preparation for drought, which is a normal part of climate. Other factors that have contributed to this trend toward improved drought preparedness and policy development are spiraling costs or impacts associated with drought, complexity of impacts on sectors well beyond agriculture, increasing social and environmental effects, and rising water conflicts between users